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CPU : Central Processing Unit Responsible for processing commands or data
It is the electronics market working or processing according to the orders used in the computer industry since the early 1960s.
The processor is like the brain of a computer. In making decisions or calculating From the statement received such as comparison Mathematical action Etc. with the basic process which is
1. Read the instruction set (fetch)
Fetch - reading a set of instructions from the program In the form of Binary Code from on-off of BIT
2. Interpret the decode
Decode - Interpret that 1 command with a decoder circuit according to the number of digits. (BIT) that this code will allow any other circuit to work with data
3. Process instruction (execute)
Execute - The operation according to 1 instruction is what circuits in the microprocessor operate, such as positive circuits, negative circuits, comparison circuits. Data migration circuit, etc.
4. Read data from memory (memory)
Memory - dealing with memory The use of information in temporary memory (RAM, Register) to use in that statement by address.
5. Write data / send back results (write back)
Write Back - Write Back With Register memory to store the address of the following command Later, there is a command to jump plus and minus addresses
Processor or chip
Counted as equipment The most important Of the hardware because it is responsible for processing user input data Enter via input device According to the instruction set or program that the user wants to use the central processing unit Consists of 3 important components which are
1. Arithmetic & LogicalUnit: ALU
Logical unit Acts like a calculator in the computer, working with Mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In addition, the units of calculation and logic of computers There is another capability that ordinary calculators do not have: logical ability means the ability to compare conditions. And mathematical rules To get an answer to whether the condition is true or false, such as comparing more than less than equal, not equal to 2 numbers, etc. This comparison is often used in the selection of computers. Will follow which program instruction is the next instruction.
2. ControlUnit
The control unit is responsible for controlling the processing sequence and operation of the devices within the central processing unit. And including coordination for collaboration between central processors With data importing devices Display device And backup memory as well When users want to process According to which set of instructions, The user must first send that data and instruction to the computer system. The information and instruction will be stored in the main memory first. Then the control unit will retrieve the command from The instruction set contained in the main memory comes out one by one for translation. Meaning that the said order What hardware What data do you work with? When knowing the meaning of That order The control unit will send Command signal to hardware The part that serves In such processing Follow that instruction. For example, if the instruction entered is a calculation order. The control unit will signal Commands to units of arithmetic and logic to operate Calculations and logic units will retrieve data from Main memory into the processor According to the instructions and bring the results to be displayed on the display device The control unit then sends a command signal to Output device That is set to retrieve information from main memory Went out to show the above results.
3. MainMemory
The computer will be able to work when there is data. And the instruction set used in the processing is in memory Already etch only And after the data processing has been completed The result Will be stored in main memory And before being shown on the display device
What does CPU do?
CPU or Central Processing Unit Is the heart of the computer processing Fundamentally, the CPU processes mathematical and logical data only. But why does this size calculation CPU development must be incessantly Back in 1946, the first computer that had a name that could be remembered was ENIVAC, working with diode tubes. The working status of these tubes are two things: 1 and 0 will be 1 when current flows and 0 when no current flows. That is why computers use binary numbers in calculations. After that, the technology grew steadily. From the diode tube it develops into a transistor. And from the transistor developed into a small circuit Which was known as IC and eventually developed into a chip as we know it today.
What CPU manufacturers are trying to add is CPU processing efficiency When it comes to CPUs and processing One thing that we must understand is that the internal CPU does not have a storage unit for storing large amounts of data and the first CPUs Without even having Cache Another factor that affects the speed of the CPU is Processing speed and data transfer speed Early CPUs Is processed at a speed of 4.77 MHz and has a 8-bit CPU BUS Called the 8-bit CPU (Intel 8080 8088), that is, the CPU moves data by 1 byte at a time. The next generation is the 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit CPUs, especially today the new generation of CPUs. Move data 128 bit at a time In moving that information Occurred from the clock control. Which count the signal as Clock 1, for example, 100 MHz CPU. This means that it will clock 100 times per second.
CPU operating mechanism
Computer operation Use principles to store commands in memory. CPUs read commands from memory to interpret and execute each instruction one after the other. CPU main function Is the control of the entire computer system As well as processing
CPU operating mechanism Is complicated CPU developers have created a mechanism to work better. By dividing the work into sections and working in parallel And work overlap to work faster
Factors that affect CPU speed
Processing power is the efficiency and speed of the CPU. Depending on the type or model of CPU. Personal computers generally use Intel's family of CPUs, such as Intel Core I3, Intel Core I5, Intel Core I7, Intel Core I9, and other computers will use different CPUs.
Maintaining the central processing unit
1. The CPU should not be placed in areas with high temperatures. |
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